Plug and Charge for EV Charging: A Deep Dive in the Technology
Ha likoloi tsa motlakase (EVs) li ntse li hola lefatšeng ka bophara, ho tsepamisitsoe maikutlo ho boiphihlelo ba ho tjhaja ka mokhoa o sa reroang le bo sebetsang bo matlafetse. Plug and Charge (PnC) ke theknoloji e fetolang lipapali e lumellang bakhanni ho hokela EV ea bona ka har'a tjhaja 'me ba qale ho tjhaja ntle le ho hloka likarete, lits'ebetso kapa ho kenya letsoho ka letsoho. E iketsetsa netefatso, tumello le tefo, e fana ka boiphihlelo ba mosebelisi joalo ka ho tlatsa koloi e tsamaeang ka khase. Sengoliloeng sena se hlahloba metheo ea tekheniki, maemo, mekhoa, melemo, liphephetso, le bokhoni ba kamoso ba Plug le Charge.
Plug le Charge ke Eng?
Plug and Charge ke theknoloji e bohlale ea ho tjhaja e nolofalletsang puisano e sireletsehileng, e ikemetseng pakeng tsa EV le seteishene sa ho tjhaja. Ka ho felisa tlhoko ea likarete tsa RFID, lits'ebetso tsa mehala, kapa lisebelisoa tsa khoutu ea QR, PnC e lumella bakhanni ho qala ho tjhaja ka ho hokela thapo feela. Sistimi e netefatsa koloi, e buisana le litekanyetso tsa ho tjhaja, 'me e sebetsana le tefo-tsohle ka metsotsoana.
Lipheo tsa bohlokoa tsa Plug le Charge ke:
● Bonolo:Mokhoa o se nang mathata o bonts'ang boiketlo ba ho tlotsa koloi ea setso.
●Tshireletso:Encryption e matla le netefatso ho sireletsa data ea mosebelisi le litšebelisano.
●Tšebelisano-'moho:Moralo o emeng bakeng sa ho tjhaja ntle ho tšitiso ho pholletsa le mefuta le libaka.
Kamoo Plug le Charge e Sebetsang Kateng: Karohano ea Tekheniki
Kokong ea eona, Plug le Charge e itšetlehile ka liprothokholo tse tloaelehileng (haholo-holo ISO 15118) lelisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa sechaba (PKI)ho nolofatsa puisano e sireletsehileng har'a koloi, tjhaja, le tsamaiso ea maru. Mona ke tlhahlobo e qaqileng ea meralo ea eona ea tekheniki:
1. Maemo a mantlha: ISO 15118
ISO 15118, Sehokelo sa Puisano sa Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G CI), ke mokokotlo oa Plug le Charge. E hlalosa hore na li-EV le liteishene tsa ho tjhaja li buisana joang:
● Lera la 'Mele:Lintlha li fetisoa ka thapo ea ho tjhaja ho sebelisoaPuisano ea Motlakase (PLC), hangata ka ho sebelisa protocol ea HomePlug Green PHY, kapa ka lets'oao la Control Pilot (CP).
● Lethathamo la Kopo:E sebetsana le netefatso, lipuisano tsa paramethara ea ho tjhaja (mohlala, boemo ba matla, nako), le tumello ea ho lefa.
● Leya la Tshireletso:E hira Transport Layer Security (TLS) le litifikeiti tsa dijithale ho netefatsa puisano e patiloeng, e ke keng ea senyeha.
ISO 15118-2 (e koahelang ho tjhaja AC le DC) le ISO 15118-20 (e tšehetsang likarolo tse tsoetseng pele joalo ka ho tjhaja habeli) ke mefuta ea mantlha e nolofalletsang PnC.
2. Litšebeletso tsa Motheo tsa Sechaba (PKI)
PnC e sebelisa PKI ho laola litifikeiti tsa dijithale le boitsebiso bo sireletsehileng:
● Litifikeiti tsa Dijithale:Koloi ka 'ngoe le tjhaja li na le setifikeiti se ikhethileng, se sebetsang joalo ka ID ea dijithale, e fanoeng ke motho ea tšepahalangBolaoli ba Setifikeiti (CA).
● Ketane ea Setifikeiti:E na le litifikeiti tsa motso, tsa mahareng le tsa sesebelisoa, tse etsang ketane e ka netefatsoang.
● Mokhoa oa ho netefatsa: Ha ho hokeloa, setifikeiti sa ho fapanyetsana koloi le tjhaja ho netefatsa tse ling, ho netefatsa hore ke lisebelisoa tse lumelletsoeng feela tse buisanang.
3. Likarolo tsa Tsamaiso
● Koloi ea Motlakase (EV):E na le module ea puisano e lumellanang le ISO 15118 le chip e sireletsehileng bakeng sa ho boloka setifikeiti.
●Seteishene sa ho tjhaja (EVSE):E na le mojule oa PLC le khokahanyo ea inthanete bakeng sa puisano le koloi le leru.
●Mokhanni oa Sebaka sa Charge (CPO):E laola marangrang a ho tjhaja, ho sebetsana le netefatso ya setifikeiti le ditefiso.
●Mobility Service Provider (MSP): E hlokomela liakhaonto tsa basebelisi le litefo, hangata ka kopanelo le baetsi ba likoloi.
● Setsi sa V2G PKI:Litaba, lintlafatso, le ho hlakola litifikeiti ho boloka ts'ireletso ea sistimi.
4. Mokhoa oa ho sebetsa
●Khokahano ea 'Mele:Mokhanni o kenya thapo ea ho tjhaja koloing, 'me tjhaja e theha sehokelo sa puisano ka PLC.
● Netefatso:Koloi le tjhaja li fapanyetsana litifikeiti tsa dijithale, tse netefatsang boitsebiso ka PKI.
● Puisano ea Parameter:Koloi e fana ka litlhoko tsa eona tsa ho tjhaja (mohlala, matla, boemo ba betri), mme tjhaja e netefatsa matla a teng le litheko.
● Tumello le Tefiso:Chaja e hokela ho CPO le MSP ka leru ho netefatsa ak'haonte ea mosebelisi le ho fana ka tumello ea ho tjhaja.
● Ho Qala ho tjhaja:Phano ea motlakase e qala, ka tlhahlobo ea nako ea nnete ea seboka.
● Ho Phetha le Tefo:Hang ha tefiso e phethiloe, sistimi e lokisa tefo ka bo eona, e sa hloke hore motho a kenelle.
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa Tekheniki
1. Puisano: Power Line Communication (PLC)
●Kamoo E Sebetsang Kateng:PLC e fetisetsa data holim'a thapo ea ho tjhaja, e tlosa tlhoko ea mela e arohaneng ea puisano. HomePlug Green PHY e ts'ehetsa ho fihla ho 10 Mbps, e lekaneng litlhoko tsa ISO 15118.
●Melemo:E nolofatsa moralo oa hardware le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo; e sebetsa ka ho tjhaja AC le DC.
●Mathata:Boleng ba thapo le tšitiso ea motlakase li ka ama ts'epahalo, tsa hloka likhoele tsa boleng bo holimo le lihloela.
2. Mekhoa ea Tšireletso
●TLS Encryption:Lintlha tsohle li patiloe ho sebelisoa TLS ho thibela ho mamela kapa ho senya.
●Mesaeno ea Dijithale:Likoloi le li charger li saena melaetsa ka linotlolo tsa lekunutu ho netefatsa bonnete le bots'epehi.
●Tsamaiso ea Setifikeiti:Setifikeiti se hloka lintlafatso tsa nako le nako (hangata lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 1-2), 'me setifikeiti se hlakotsoeng kapa se sekiselitsoeng se lateloa ka Lethathamo la ho Hlakola Setifikeiti (CRL).
●Mathata:Ho laola litifikeiti ka bongata ho ka ba thata ebile ho bitsa chelete e ngata, haholo libakeng tsohle le lihlahisoa.
3. Tšebelisano 'moho le Maemo
●Cross-Brand Support:ISO 15118 ke maemo a lefats'e, empa litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa PKI (mohlala, Hubject, Gireve) li hloka tlhahlobo ea tšebelisano ho netefatsa hore lia lumellana.
●Phapang ea Libaka:Leha Amerika Leboea le Europe li amohela ISO 15118 ka bongata, mebaraka e meng joalo ka China e sebelisa maemo a mang (mohlala, GB/T), e thatafatsang tekano ea lefatše.
4. Likarolo tse Tsoetseng Pele
●Theko e Matla:PnC e ts'ehetsa litokiso tsa litheko tsa nako ea 'nete ho latela tlhoko ea grid kapa nako ea letsatsi, ho ntlafatsa litšenyehelo bakeng sa basebelisi.
●Ho tjhaja ha Bidirectional (V2G):ISO 15118-20 e nolofalletsa tšebetso ea Vehicle-to-Grid, e lumellang li-EV ho fepa motlakase ho marang-rang.
●Ho tjhaja ka Waelese:Liphetoho tsa nako e tlang li ka eketsa PnC maemong a ho tjhaja waelese.
Melemo ea Plug le Charge
● Boiphihlelo bo Ntlafetseng:
● E felisa tlhoko ea lits'ebetso kapa likarete, e etsa hore ho tjhaja ho be bonolo joalo ka ho plugging.
● E nolofalletsa ho tjhaja ntle ho tšitiso ho pholletsa le mefuta le libaka tse fapaneng, ho fokotsa ho arohana.
● Bokhoni le Bohlale:
● E etsa hore ts'ebetso e sebetse, e fokotsa nako ea ho seta le ho eketsa litefiso tsa ho tjhaja.
● E ts'ehetsa litheko tse matla le kemiso e bohlale ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea grid.
● Tšireletso e Matla:
● Likhokahano tse patiloeng le litifikeiti tsa dijithale li fokotsa bosholu le litlolo tsa data.
● E qoba ho itšetleha ka likhoutu tsa sechaba tsa Wi-Fi kapa QR, ho fokotsa likotsi tsa cybersecurity.
● Future-Proof Scalability:
● E hokahana le mahlale a ntseng a hlaha joalo ka V2G, ho tjhaja ka AI, le lisebelisoa tsa matla tse nchafalitsoeng, ho bula tsela bakeng sa marang-rang a bohlale.
Mathata a Plug le Charge
●Litšenyehelo tsa Meralo:
●Ho ntlafatsa lichaja tsa lefa ho tšehetsa ISO 15118 le PLC ho hloka matsete a bohlokoa a hardware le firmware.
●Ho tsamaisa litsamaiso tsa PKI le litifikeiti tsa taolo li eketsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso.
●Mathata a Tšebelisano:
●Ho fapana ha ts'ebetsong ea PKI (mohlala, Hubject vs. CharIN) ho ka hlahisa litaba tsa ho lumellana, tse hlokang tšebelisano ea indasteri.
●Li-protocol tse sa tloaelehang limmarakeng tse kang China le Japane li fokotsa ho tšoana ha lefatše.
● Litšitiso tsa ho Adopella:
●Ha se li-EV tsohle tse tšehetsang PnC ka ntle ho lebokose; mefuta ea khale e ka 'na ea hloka liapdeite tsa moea kapa li-retrofits tsa hardware.
●Basebelisi ba kanna ba hloka tlhokomeliso ka PnC kapa ba na le matšoenyeho mabapi le lekunutu la data le ts'ireletso ea setifikeiti.
● Mathata a Tsamaiso ea Setifikeiti:
●Ho ntlafatsa, ho hlakola, le ho hokahanya litifikeiti ho pholletsa le libaka ho hloka litsamaiso tse matla tsa morao-rao.
●Lisetifikeiti tse lahlehileng kapa tse senyehileng li ka sitisa ho tjhaja, 'me ha hloke mekhoa e meng e kang tumello e thehiloeng ho app.
Mehlala ea Hona Joale le ea 'Nete ea Lefatše
1. Ho Amoheloa Lefatšeng ka Bophara
● Yuropa:Sethala sa Hubject's Plug&Charge ke setsi se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa tikoloho ea PnC, se tšehetsang lihlahisoa tse kang Volkswagen, BMW, le Tesla. Jeremane e laela melao ea ISO 15118 bakeng sa lijaja tse ncha ho qala ka 2024.
● Amerika Leboea:Netweke ea Tesla's Supercharger e fana ka boiphihlelo bo kang ba PnC ka ID ea koloi le khokahano ea ak'haonte. Ford le GM li hlahisa mefuta e lumellanang le ISO 15118.
●China:Likhamphani tse kang NIO le BYD li sebelisa ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ka har'a marang-rang a bona, leha li ipapisitse le litekanyetso tsa GB/T, li fokotsa tšebelisano ea lefats'e.
2. Lits'ebetsong tse hlokomelehang
●ID ea Volkswagen. Letoto:Mehlala e kang ID.4 le ID.Buzz e tšehetsa Plug le Charge ka sethala sa We Charge, se kopantsoeng le Hubject, se nolofalletsang ho tjhaja ka mokhoa o se nang moeli ho likete tsa liteishene tsa Europe.
● Tesla:Sistimi ea thepa ea Tesla e fana ka boiphihlelo bo kang ba PnC ka ho hokahanya liakhaonto tsa basebelisi le likoloi bakeng sa netefatso ea othomathiki le litefiso.
● Electrify America:Marang-rang a maholo ka ho fetisisa a ho tjhaja sechaba Amerika Leboea a phatlalalitse tšehetso e felletseng ea ISO 15118 ka 2024, e koahelang lijaja tsa eona tse potlakileng tsa DC.
Bokamoso ba Plug le Charge
● Accelerated Standardization:
●Kamohelo e pharalletseng ea ISO 15118 e tla kopanya likhokahano tsa ho tjhaja lefatšeng ka bophara, ho fokotsa liphapang tsa libaka.
●Mekhatlo e kang CharIN le Open Charge Alliance e khanna tlhahlobo ea tšebelisano 'moho le mefuta eohle.
● Ho Kopana le Emerging Technologies:
●Katoloso ea V2G: PnC e tla nolofalletsa ho tjhaja habeli, ho fetola li-EV hore e be likarolo tsa polokelo ea grid.
●Ntlafatso ea AI: AI e ka phahamisa PnC ho bolela esale pele mekhoa ea ho tjhaja le ho ntlafatsa litheko le kabo ea matla.
●Ho tjhaja Waelese: Liprothokholo tsa PnC li ka ikamahanya le ho tjhaja waelese ka matla bakeng sa litsela le litsela tse kholo.
● Phokotso ea Litšenyehelo le Scalability:
●Tlhahiso e kholo ea li-chips le li-module tsa puisano e lebelletsoe ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lisebelisoa tsa PnC ka 30% -50%.
●Dikgothatso tsa mmuso le tshebedisano ya diindaseteri di tla potlakisa dintlafatso tsa tjhaja tse lehwa.
● Ho Aha Tšepo ea Basebelisi:
●Baetsi ba likoloi le basebelisi ba tlameha ho ruta basebelisi ka melemo ea PnC le likarolo tsa ts'ireletso.
●Mekhoa ea netefatso ea Fallback (mohlala, lits'ebetso kapa NFC) e tla koala lekhalo nakong ea phetoho.
Bokamoso ba Plug le Charge
Plug and Charge e fetola sebopeho sa ho tjhaja ha EV ka ho fana ka boiphihlelo bo se nang moeli, bo bolokehileng, le bo sebetsang hantle. E hahiloe holim'a maemo a ISO 15118, ts'ireletso ea PKI, le puisano e ikemetseng, e felisa likhohlano tsa mekhoa ea khale ea ho tjhaja. Le hoja liqholotso tse kang litšenyehelo tsa meralo ea motheo le tšebelisano-'moho li ntse li le teng, melemo ea theknoloji - boiphihlelo bo ntlafetseng ba mosebedisi, scalability, le kopanyo ea marang-rang a bohlale - e e beha e le motheo oa EV ecosystem. Ha maemo le kamohelo e ntse e eketseha, Plug le Charge e mothating oa ho ba mokhoa oa kamehla oa ho tjhaja ka 2030, o tsamaisang phetoho e lebisang bokamosong bo hokahaneng le bo tsitsitseng.
Nako ea poso: Apr-25-2025